Повторение Герундия

Повторите герундий – его формы, функции в предложении и герундиальный оборот. Выполните следующие упражнения.

Упражнение 1. Закончите предложения, используя герундий. Прочтите их, работая в паре: вопрос – ответ.

1. "How did you like his singing?" "I enjoyed...." 2. "Would you like to walk a bit?" "Not in this rain. I hate...." 3. "Is Dennis still dreaming of becoming an actor?" "He's given up the idea...." 4. "Do you often talk with young Howard?" "He avoids...." 5. "Will you paint the walls?" "Yes, the walls need...," 6. "Did they cross the river?" "No, they didn't risk...." 7. "Did you laugh a lot?" "We couldn't help...." 8. "Doctor Caswell didn't recommend Ellsworth to visit picture galleries, did he?" "On the contrary. He approved of...." 9. "Does he say that Edward betrayed everybody?" "Yes, he accuses Edward of..." 10. "Will Howard see to it that the luggage is delivered in time?" "Yes, he is responsible for.…" 11. "How did Doctor Caswell take the news?" "He congratulated Ellsworth on… ." 12. "Was he nervous when he spoke at the meeting?" "Not a bit. He is used to… ." 13. "The dinner is very good, isn't it? Jane cooked it." "Yes, Jane is good at... ." 14. "He always interferes in everybody's affairs." "Yes, I'm tired of… ." 15. "Has Norway trade agreements with many countries?" "Yes. Norway is interested in ... ." 16. "Did you hear him say good-bye?" "No, he left without… ." 17. "What did Howard say to our joining them?" "He didn't like the idea of… ." 18. "Did he say that listening to spoken English was important?" "Yes, he stressed the importance of...." 19. "I know you were reading for your examination yesterday. What else were you doing?" "I did a lot of things besides...." 20. "We shouldn't argue with them." "Right you are. What's the use of...?" 21. "When we speak English, we learn to speak." "Of course, we learn to speak a foreign language by...." 22. "Did he explain the rule?" "No. He gave a few examples instead of...."

Упражнение 2. Каждое предложение содержит шутку. Прочтите эти предложения. Надеемся, что шутки вам понравятся. Переведите их на русский язык и расскажите своим друзьям.

         1. "What on earth do you mean by telling Mary that I am a fool?"

"Heavens! I'm sorry — was it a secret?"

         2. "Now, McTavish", said the doctor, "it's like this: you've either to stop the whisky or lose your eyesight , and you must choose."

"Ay, well, doctor", said McTavish, "I'm an old man now, and I think I have seen about everything worth seeing."

3. "The man who is always punctual in keeping an appointment never loses anything by it."

"No, only about half an hour waiting for the other fellow to come."

         4. "You say you are suffering from a skin infection. Do you think it was caused by biting insects?"

"No. I think it was caused by insects biting me."

         5. "Do you know the difference between the English, Scottish, and Irish?"

"No, what is it?"

"Well, in leaving a train, an Irishman walks off without looking to see whether he has left anything behind; an Englishman looks back to see whether he has left anything; and a Scotsman looks back to see whether anybody else has left anything."

         6. First student. "The professor says he is going to stop smoking in the college."

Second student. "Huh! Next thing he'll be asking us to stop it too."

         7. Jack. "Say, what's the idea of your wearing my raincoat?"

             Roommate. "Well, you wouldn't want your new suit to get wet, would you?"

         8. She. "Jack, I was sorry to treat you the way I did. You'll forgive me, won't you, for being so angry with you all last week?'

He. "Sure! That's all right. I saved twenty dollars while we weren't on speaking terms".

         9. Lawyer. "Now that we have won, will you tell me confidentially if you stole the money?"

Client. "Well, after hearing you talk in court yesterday, I am beginning to think I didn't."

         10. Never tell a woman a secret. She will either think it is not worth keeping or it is too good to keep.

         11. A bad memory today is really an advantage. It permits you to enjoy an old film on television without realising you saw it years ago.

         12. A man telephoned his doctor excitedly. "Quick!" he insisted. "My wife has appendicitis!"

"Now, now," said the doctor. "I took your wife's appendix out five years ago. I never heard of anyone having a second appendix.

"Maybe not, Doc," replied the anxious husband. "But did you ever hear of a man having a second wife?"

         13. Is it worth while working yourself to death just to get a living?

Упражнение 3. Прочтите предложения. Каждое из них содержит герундий. Дайте все возможные варианты перевода предложений на русский язык.

1.     Some revolutionaries succeeded in killing or wounding several officials and finally in assassinating Alexander II himself, in 1881.

2.     The Prime Minister is responsible for advising the Queen on the award of all the honours.

3.     The power of choosing people to be honoured is extremely useful to the Prime Minister and Government.

4.     People who receive rewards enjoy the process of receiving them.

5.     His coming so late and alone seemed strange to everyone.

6.     Do you mind my closing the door or prefer doing it by yourself?

7.     Examining the old manuscript through a lens gave unexpected results.

8.     In the United States after the October Revolution the volumes of translations of Checkov kept on appearing, and his influence grew.

9.     From the beginning, the colonists in Pennsylvania, New York and New England stayed out of the slave trade, but they could not stop the plantation owners of the South from buying slaves from Africa.

10. I didn’t feel much like tramping there and borrowed a boat.

11. Most people want to identify themselves with dominant values, and going freely to the church of one’s choice is a way of doing so.

12. One of the first activities of American people at home is making things, mending things and working on the car.

13. On a grander scale, America has been a pioneer in setting up “National Parks” since the time of Yellowstone in 1872.

14. The investigation aims at establishing historical results.

15. The first poll tax of the 1370-s was a major factor in producing the Peasant’s Revolt of 1381, and a few later attempts at repeating the experiment were disastrous.

16. The extra food could be used for feeding specialist workers, craftsmen, and others whose products were wanted by the community.

17. Every man of course needed some knowledge of grammar for reading and writing correctly, of arithmetic for reckoning, of geometry for measuring, of geography for travelling and foreign relations, of history for politics, and so on.

18. The development of farming enabled individuals to produce more food than their own families could eat.

19. The Unite States offered its help in rebuilding Europe in the post-war period.

20. When it came to choosing between Yugoslav or Soviet interests, Tito chose to strengthen his own country.

21. Russian secular thought could attain its unity only after growing independent, and in this sense – national.

22. After studying in Paris Ostrogradsky (a Russian mathematician) wrote some noteworthy papers.

23. These two problems are, of course, closely connected: in clearing them up I shall take into account this connection.

24. The Secretariat was set up to run the everyday business of the UN, such as making surveys of population and resources, translating documents, and setting up international conferences.

25. If they wished to remain on the land, they could try to solve their problems either by migrating to areas where there was room to employ the old methods for farming, or by changing the ancient and wasteful three-course-open-field-strip system.

26. This body (the Imperial Council), created by Alexander I in 1809, had the task of preparing and considering legislation for the Emperor’s approval.

27. The revolutionary intelligentsia in Russia were unanimous in desiring the end of autocracy and the democratic government being created.

28. The last Tsar and first Emperor, Peter the Great, completed the long process of fixing the population into a small number of social classes with legally defined obligations and rights.

29. Their ancient “thirst for land and liberty” was much nearer to being satisfied than ever before; they were legally free men, on the way to becoming owners of farms.

30. Holland’s Queen Beatrix broke all Dutch royal precedent by taking and passing entrance exams in order to be admitted to university, rather than evoking “divine rights”.

31. Its (tobacco) popularity had been growing ever since, for smoking, for taking a snuff, even for brewing into a drink. Soon most of the Virginia settlers were busy growing tobacco.

32. The possibility of becoming rich by growing tobacco brought wealthy men to Virginia.

33. Claiming that you owned land in the New World was one thing. Actually making it yours was something quite different. Europeans could only do this by establishing settlements of their own people.

34. The Spanish Ambassador in London told of three condemned criminals who were given the choice of being hanged or sent to Virginia. Two agreed to go, but the third chose to be hanged.

35. He and his men became the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, and they journeyed as far east as Kansas before returning to Mexico.

36. A few weeks earlier Witte had returned from making peace at Portsmouth to find the country rent by strikes, demonstrations, and even mutinies in the armed forces.

37. They also obtained food by raiding their Pueblo neighbours and stealing it.

38. In 1873-1874, many of the young populist intelligentsia were engaged in a remarkable movement of “going to the people”: taking up residence in villages to preach socialism to the peasantry.

39. When Nicolas II stumbled onto ministers who had a program for relieving it (the peasants’ plight), he was still unable to use the success of agrarian reform as a means for reviving peasant trust in the monarchy.

40. The redistribution of resources is employed as the mechanism of meeting needs and removing disadvantage by providing fairer access to services.

41. In his fifteen years in office, Warren led the Court into unprecedented activism in promoting civil rights.

42. In making an appointment to the Court the President can choose any person with legal qualifications.

43. Before being confirmed, nominees (to the Court) must face long and detailed public questioning by a committee of Senators.

44.  In the Unite States, some people are appointed to the Cabinet after having been elected members of Congress, but others are taken from state offices and from all kinds of position.

45. Members of Parliament often vote without having heard the debate, and even without knowing exactly what the question is.

46. Today many of the American Indians live by farming, or by making jewellery, and ornaments which they sell to tourists.

47. Early American society was very British, in the sense that British ideas and ways of living had been taken to a new environment and adapted to it.

48. When there is a disagreement during the debates in the Parliament, there is a division, and members vote by walking through corridors called “lobbies”, and they are counted as they do so.

49. The Speaker of the Parliament begins proceeding by calling out the name of the Member who is to ask the first question. The minister to whom it is addressed then reeds out the reply (or, possibly, gives the reply without reading).

50. But long after 1865, the dominant whites in most of the South were still finding ways of excluding black citizens from real equality.

51. The American way of speaking has developed independently in England.

52. The dangers of living in a hurricane zone seem acceptable when compared with the other dangers which have to be faced every day.

53. Two attempts at colonising North America from England failed in 1580-ies.

54. The earl American communities were searching for a new freedom, but their enthusiasm for freedom did not prevent them from building their own demands for conformity.

55. This is the main contradiction, which impedes productive powers being used to destroy nations in warfare, instead of for lightening the labour and increasing the material prosperity of mankind.

56. A committee of one of the Houses of Congress assumes that before taking a decision on some bill it ought to make thorough enquiries into the background and the desirability of the new proposal.

57. The committees become thoroughly familiar with the work of administration through receiving reports from it and interviewing important officials year after year.

58. Some people mistakenly call this whole unit “England”, and in doing so annoy the Scots and Welsh.

59. Before going on to look at how government works in the United States, we must look at the Constitution and the problems that this document creates.

60. The states (USA) have, under the Constitution, the primary functions of providing law and order, education, public health and most of the things, which concern day-to-day life.

61. Catholicism, which was properly identified with Polish-Lithuanian oppression of the Orthodox Eastern Slavs, had no Great Russian converts worth mentioning.

62. Yet, he (the Russian peasant) was often illiterate and ignorant, and some responded to the shattering events of 1917 by telling one another that there was a new tsar names “Revolutsia”.

63. The leaders of Massachusetts could not forgive the people of Rhode Island for thinking so differently from them.

64. Ships could unload their cargoes on hundreds of lonely wharves without customs officers’ knowing.

65. The Stoics began by asserting the equality of slaves and free men, but they never drew the obvious conclusion that slavery should therefore be abolished.

66. The Pilgrims’ chances of surviving were not high. The frozen ground and the deep snow made it difficult for them to build houses.